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Hypervascular liver lesions

AbdomenCT / MRI

Lesions showing arterial-phase hyperenhancement in a non-cirrhotic liver. Enhancement pattern on later phases and clinical history distinguish benign from malignant.

Differential

Haemangioma

common
  • Peripheral nodular discontinuous enhancement, centripetal fill-in
  • Very bright on heavily T2-weighted images (light-bulb)
  • Retention of contrast on delayed phase

Focal nodular hyperplasia

common
  • Homogeneous arterial enhancement with central scar
  • Scar enhances late; retains hepatobiliary contrast (iso/hyper)
  • Young woman, no capsule

Hypervascular metastases (NET, RCC, melanoma, thyroid)

common
  • Multiple lesions, arterial enhancement with washout
  • Known primary (neuroendocrine, renal, melanoma)

Hepatic adenoma

less-common
  • Intralesional fat/haemorrhage; drops signal opposed-phase
  • Loss of hepatobiliary contrast uptake
  • Oral contraceptive / anabolic steroid use

Transient hepatic attenuation difference

less-common
  • Wedge-shaped subsegmental arterial blush, isodense on portal phase
  • No mass, no washout

Hepatocellular carcinoma

rare
  • Arterial enhancement with washout and capsule
  • Usually background cirrhosis / raised AFP

Key discriminators

  • Delayed retention (haemangioma) vs washout (HCC/mets)
  • Central scar (FNH)
  • Intralesional fat/haemorrhage (adenoma)
  • Hepatobiliary-phase uptake (FNH retains, adenoma/malignancy loses)
  • Single vs multiple; known primary

Work-up / next steps

  1. 1.Multiphase MRI with hepatobiliary contrast agent
  2. 2.Chemical-shift imaging for fat (adenoma)
  3. 3.Correlate with OCP use and tumour markers
  4. 4.Biopsy if adenoma vs FNH remains uncertain or malignancy possible

References

  • Radiopaedia: Hypervascular liver lesions.
  • Silva AC et al. Hepatic MR imaging. RadioGraphics.

Educational clinical decision support only. This differential does not make a diagnosis, is not a medical device, and must never substitute for interpretation by a qualified radiologist correlated with the full clinical picture and prior imaging.