Thumb sign

Head & NeckRadiograph

A swollen, rounded epiglottis projects into the airway on a lateral neck radiograph, resembling the tip of a thumb.

What it means

Epiglottitis, a potentially life-threatening supraglottic infection.

Mechanism

Inflammatory swelling thickens and rounds the normally thin, curved epiglottis so it resembles a thumb.

Associated conditions

  • Acute epiglottitis
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b infection
  • Supraglottitis
  • Thermal or caustic epiglottic injury

Pearls

  • Airway management takes priority; avoid distressing the child for imaging.
  • Look also for thickened aryepiglottic folds on the lateral view.

References

  • Radiopaedia: Thumb sign (epiglottitis)

For educational use only. This dictionary is a study aid and reference, not a diagnostic tool, and must not be used to guide clinical decisions or patient care. Imaging appearances vary; always correlate with the full clinical picture and confirm with a qualified radiologist.